Geodetic azimuth in the Philippines is reckoned from which direction?

• A. North
• B. NAMRIA
• C. South
• D. Balanacan

Answer: (C)

Geodetic azimuth is the angle of a line on the horizontal plane measured from a fixed reference direction. In Philippine surveying practice, that reference direction is the true south. So the azimuth is read starting at the south line and measured clockwise to the line being described. This means directions are mapped with south as zero and north opposite at 180 degrees, with east and west falling accordingly when you move clockwise from south. NAMRIA uses this convention in its geodetic computations, so recognizing that the reference is south helps you interpret azimuth values correctly.